Chinese ceramic blue horse bookends7/21/2023 ![]() Measures together 62in wide x 29in deep x 38in high. Measures 36 x 20 x 34in high.ġ5 - Raymond Waites Large Chinoiserie Planter 14.5in Diameterġ6 - 4pc Weighted Sterling Silver S&P Shakers 4pc Weighted Sterling Silver Salt & Pepper Shakersġ7 - IMG Power Recline Theater Seats A Two power reclining seats with USB chargers, cupholders, and adjustable center console. ![]() Selling times the money.ġ4 - Walnut Writing Desk/Dressing Table Excellent condition. Measures 50 x 22 x 85in high.ġ2 - Lampcrafters Quality Column Lamp 18in W x 31.5in Hġ3 - Pair Mid-Century Swedish Style Brass Lily Lamps Pair of Mid-Century Swedish Style Brass Lily Candlestick Lamps after Ivar Ã…lenius Bjork for Ystad Metal. Three small drawers over two full width drawers. Measures when closed 36 x 17.5 x 29.5in high.ġ0 - Green Uranium Glass Oil Lamp Approx 19.5in Hġ1 - Eastlake Marble Top Chest Walnut. Measures 48 x 23.5 x 75in high.ħ - 13pc Nippon Cobalt Blue & Gold Gilt ChinaĨ - Fancy Antique Mahogany Flip Top Game Table Great condition for age. Three drawers over two full width drawers. Measures 37 x 22.5in.ĥ - Victorian Walnut Marble Top Chest Mirror back. Beveled mirror over small shelf and photos. Excellent condition.ģ - Victorian Hanging Photos & Mirror Good condition for age. Measures 48in diameter x 28.5in high.Ģ - 10 x 14 Hand Knotted Serapi Rug Hand knotted. Fair condition overall, does have some splits/chips on legs. 2514 Neuse Blvdġ - Gustav Stickley Mission Oak Table Signed on leg. Lots begin closing Tuesday, June 6 at 6:30PM. REMEMBER THAT NEUTRAL IS ALSO VIEWED AS BAD FOR A SELLER! WE WANT YOU TO HAVE A POSITIVE BUYING EXPERIENCE! WE DO NOT CONTINUE TO DO BUSINESS WITH CUSTOMERS THAT CHOOSE TO LEAVE NEGATIVE OR NEUTRAL FEEDBACK.Online only auction featuring a selection of furniture, antiques, glassware, collectibles, home decor, and more.īidding available through our website. IF THE FIRST TIME WE HEAR ABOUT YOUR PROBLEM IS THROUGH BAD FEEDBACK, WE HAVE NO OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE YOU A POSITIVE BUYING EXPERIENCE. IF YOU HAVE ANY PROBLEM WITH YOUR ORDER, PLEASE CONTACT US AND GIVE US A LITTLE TIME TO WORK THROUGH YOUR ISSUE BEFORE LEAVING BAD FEEDBACK. SINCE WE WANT ALL OUR BUYERS TO HAVE A POSITIVE TRANSACTION WITH US, WE WILL AWAIT YOUR FEEDBACK. WE WILL BE LEAVING YOU A POSITIVE FEEDBACK UPON RECEIPT OF POSITIVE FEEDBACK FROM YOU. DISCLAIMER: AS A SELLER, THE WAY WE KNOW YOU HAVE RECEIVED YOUR ITEM AND ARE HAPPY IS WHEN YOU LEAVE US FEEDBACK. Buyer must contact seller immediately through eBay e-mail to discuss returns prior to doing so. No returns accepted after 14 days of delivery conformation or receiving item. A refund on returns will only be processed on items received in the original condition that they were shipped. ![]() Include tracking number in correspondence to seller. Returned items require a Delivery Confirmation. We will not issue a refund on items lost or damaged during transit. Returned items must be packaged to insure a safe delivery. Original shipping costs will not be refunded. Returns will be accepted only if items were significantly misrepresented. ![]() If you still have questions not answered in the description or photos, ask before buying. that are commonly found on such items and easily overlooked. "Not as described" will not apply for items that have a nick, blemish, scratch, cut, faded, etc. It is the buyers responsibility to know exactly what they are buying. If you have questions not answered by the photos or description, ask before bidding. We will note obvious flaws and defects and show many photos to give customers an accurate description. RETURNS: Our listings consist of used items and Vintage Collectibles, which often have manufacturer's defects, and age related flaws and wear. WE TRY TO DEPICT AND REPRESENT ITEMS AS ACCURATELY AS POSSIBLE, BUT ARE NOT EXPERTS, SOMETIMES CONDITION AND/OR DESCRIPTION IS A MATTER OF OPINION. 7" TALL, 5" LONG, 2.25" THICK LOOK CLOSELY AT THE PHOTOS TO DETERMINE THE DESCRIPTION AND THE ITEMS TRUE CONDITION BEFORE BIDDING. THEY ARE MADE OF A CERAMIC/PORCLAIN MATERIAL. THIS IS A PAIR OF HAND PAINTED HORSE BOOKENDS. ![]()
0 Comments
Apple ii ultima iii maps7/21/2023 ![]() ![]() ![]() That fall, nineteen-year-old Garriott starts classes at the University of Texas. While Garriott was a mere two months old when his family returned to California, this tale of a UK birth probably adds to the origin story of Lord British.Īl Remmers, head of Akalabeth publishers California Pacific, image from 1981 Ultima Adventure While born on the very American date of July 4 in 1961, the location of his birth was actually Cambridge, England. This formality in speech causes his fellow students to call him “British”. The creator of the games is credited as Lord British: this is a nickname used by Garriott and derived from the incredulous reaction of his fellow roommates during his sophomore year at the University of Oklahoma to Garriott’s use of “Hello” as a greeting to them. Dissatisfied with the original cover sheet design, a new one is commissioned by Garriott from acquaintance Denis Loubet, who goes on to provide artwork for many of Garriott’s later works. Releasing the game on 5 1/4″ floppies, Akalabeth is a big hit in 1980, selling 30,000 copies. ![]() But, unbeknownst to him, his boss has sent one copy to west coast software outfit California Pacific Computer Company, who fly Garriott to California to sign a contract for publishing rights. Spending 200 dollars on Ziplock bags and copies of cover sheets featuring an illustration done by his mother, Garriott only sells about eight copies on cassette tape. The game so impresses the manager of the store that he convinces Garriott to offer it for sale. In the game the player scrolls around a map of ASCII symbols completing quests given by Lord British and battling creatures in black & white outline psuedo-3D dungeons.Ĭlick button to play Richard Garriott’s first commercial game Akalabeth, on Apple II In 1979, while working part-time at a local Computerland store, he is exposed to the Apple II and decides to use the computers there and the Applesoft BASIC language to add more advanced graphics to Akalabeth, and he finishes the program that summer. He then uses the skills he has gained in game design and programming to create a larger RPG dungeon-crawler he titles Akalabeth: World of Doom. Through his high school “career”, he creates 28 such fantasy games. These games are produced on a teletype machine with punch cards at the school, with Garriott getting A’s for the projects from bewildered teachers. While attending Clear Creek High School in Houston, 16-year-old Richard Garriott is writing computer games based on his other avid interests: organizing large Dungeons & Dragons games in his parents’ house and reading the fantasy books of J.R.R. I don't care much for using Ultima as a subtitle, but this was fixed in the later Japanese releases which retcon the box with Ultima IV logo.Dungeon crawling in Akalabeth, precursor game to Ultima, by Lord British/Richard Garriott I really like this art it's striking and well-detailed, and conveys a strong fantasy theme. Unearthly fires erupt from his cupped hands. It was painted by Denis Loubet in 1983 and features a demonic looking monster perched on a rock above a smoldering lava pit. I haven't played the game enough to review it, although from playing around with various ports, I find the Commodore 64 version to be the best.Īll regions and ports use this box art except for the NES/MSX2 port. I own two copies of the Ultima Collection, so I own two DOS ports of the game. However, after seeing that the game had such low fidelity, the DOS port is especially bad, and learning that it's essentially a grindfest, I never really became interested enough to play it. I loved the NES port a lot, but it wasn't until the 2000s that I bought a copy of the DOS port of Ultima III: Exodus in the Ultima Collection bundle. My first experience with this game comes from the NES port, Ultima: Exodus, which has a fair amount of differences, so I've put it in it's own page. ![]() Precio de la ford edge 20207/21/2023 ![]() ![]() In our recent mid-size SUV comparison test, the Edge finished third in a field of six. 38.000 Madrid FORD Focus CMAX 2.0 TDCi SportG 4. The base engine that goes in most trims delivers modest power, but the high-output V-6 in the ST model is considerably more powerful. Grand Tourneo Connect Mustang Mach-E 12.741 FORD de segunda mano FORD Focus 1.6 TREND 5.500 Alicante FORD Tourneo Courier 1.0 EcoBoost 74kW 100CV Titanium 16.300 Vizcaya FORD Mustang 5.0 TiVCT V8 Mustang GT BullitFastsb. Its many standard active safety features are welcome, and its multimedia system is easy to use. The Edge drives well and offers good ride comfort. Cargo room is also similar, but the Hyundai’s starting price is considerably lower than the Ford’s. Neither SUVs’ base drivetrains are particularly powerful, but the Santa Fe’s is slightly more efficient according to EPA estimates. Respuesta directa a modelos como Nissan Murano, Hyundai Santa Fe y Jeep Cherokee, la Edge se presenta como una SUV/Crossover mediana con un perfil no del todo familiar, ya que solo cuenta con una capacidad de cinco pasajeros. With its nimble handling and excellent steering feel, the Edge is more rewarding to drive than the Santa Fe. En la siguiente tabla, te presenta la lista de precios de la Ford Edge publicada oficialmente por la marca: 2. Resea del Ford Edge segn nuestros especialistas. El precio de los vehculos nuevos incluye todas las ofertas e incentivos. 2020 Hyundai Santa Fe: How Do They Compare? Verifique cualquier informacin en cuestin con Rockwall Chrysler Dodge Jeep Ram. Standard convenience features include a 4G LTE Wi-Fi hot spot for up to 10 devices (data subscription required after initial trial) and an 8-inch touchscreen multimedia system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone connectivity. The Edge comes standard with important active safety features such as automatic high-beam headlights, blind spot warning with rear cross-traffic alert, lane keep assist, forward collision warning with pedestrian detection, and automatic emergency braking. What Features in the 2020 Ford Edge Are Most Important? The package includes 20-inch polished-aluminum wheels, chrome accents, red interior accent stitching and aluminum trim on the instrument panel. 378,73 /mes Permanencia mínima de 24 meses. ( La T.A.E., así como la primera cuota podrán variar ligeramente en función del día de la firma del contrato y de la fecha de pago de las cuotas. What’s New on the 2020 Ford Edge?ĭual-zone automatic air conditioning is now standard, and a new Titanium Appearance Package is available. Las mejores ofertas de Ford Edge de ocasión y de segunda mano - Vender coche. Competitors include the Chevrolet Blazer, Honda Passport and Hyundai Santa Fe. Both engines work with an eight-speed automatic transmission, and front- and all-wheel-drive models are offered. It has a standard 250-horsepower, turbocharged 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine or an available 335-hp, twin-turbo 2.7-liter V-6 that goes in the performance-oriented ST trim level. The 2020 Ford Edge is a mid-size SUV that can seat up to five. ![]() Ll bean promo code november 20187/20/2023 ![]() ![]() L.L.Bean requires that you have an account with the website or that you create one before placing an order. When you save money at with Giving Assistant, both you and your favorite charity win.Įmail Address: to Redeem a Coupon Code at Giving to your favorite charity has never been easier. With a sophisticated style and products that last, this store has a reputation for excellence. Treat yourself to a new pair of summer sandals or find the perfect bathing suit to wear on vacation when you shop on LL. They sell a wide array of clothing, from bathing suits to outdoor winter gear. With beautiful furniture, bedding and decor, LL is an easy place to shop for excellent items that will last. When you want to create a new bedroom look or an intimate outdoor sitting area, has everything you need to accomplish your goals. Bean promo codes as you shop for even more savings. High-quality clothing and footwear are available for the whole family at a price you can afford. Bean features an extensive collection of clothing, outdoor gear, luggage and more. If there's a brick-and-mortar store in your area, you may be able to use a printable coupon there as well.In business since 1912, L.L. Bean coupons only apply to specific products, so make sure all the items in your cart qualify before submitting your order. Bean coupon, copy the related promo code to your clipboard and apply it while checking out. Today alone, users have collectively cashed in on 283 offers. These deal offers are available online, including 1 coupon codes. Right now, the most you can save is 77% off. Bean runs out of inventory for the promotional item. Bean deals don't have a definite end date, so it's possible the promo code will be active until L.L. Bean promo codes currently available end when L.L. When navigating the site, look for the pop-up to enter your email address. Sign up to receive promotional emails and you'll not only get early access to sales and deals, but you'll also receive a 10% off coupon to use toward your first order.It's easy to get started, just verify your eligibility online. Military members, veterans, students and teachers can all receive an L.L.Bean discount code for 10% off their entire order.Then, enter your code in the box and click Redeem to apply the savings. To make sure you get the discount offered by your L.L.Bean coupon or promo, click Add Promo Code below your order summary. Get approved today and you'll even save 15% off your entire purchase. Plus, you'll always get free shipping, free return shipping and free monogramming. Every time you use your card to make a purchase, you'll earn Bean Bucks. With the L.L.Bean Mastercard, you'll get access to exclusive savings and members-only benefits. Like the Two-A-Day Daily Markdown, you'll find new ways to save on bags and luggage for vacations and adventures.īecome a Card Member and Earn Members-Only Benefits ![]() Find sales with the Travel & Gear Daily Markdown.These awesome price reductions won't last long and there are only limited quantities available. Get Clearance deals while they last-on everything from sweaters and pants to kids' clothes and shoes.Visit every day from 6am to midnight for a new chance to score big discounts on great items. Look for the Two-A-Day Daily Markdown.Plus, you'll maximize your savings by checking out all the Sale categories. Navigate to the L.L.Bean Sale page and you'll find markdowns on clothing and accessories, footwear, home goods and more. Just add items like clothing and outdoor gear to your cart and proceed to checkout-no L.L.Bean promo code required. The store wants your business and offers tons of ways to save you money when you shop for clothing and equipment.Įnjoy free shipping on orders of $50 or more. L.L.Bean has always offered quality clothing for outdoor enthusiasts. ![]() Bed rails for seniors7/20/2023 ![]() ![]() While deaths due to bed rails are fairly uncommon ( the FDA recorded 155 deaths related to bed rails between 2003 – 2012), there is risk of death to rail entrapment, as well as risk of injury. These legless bed rails set is our favorite for traveling, since it’s small, fairly light-weight, and can easily be assembled and disassembled when you’re on the move.Įxtra caution is required when installing bed rails for any individuals with dementia, confusion, or restlessness, as an attempt to climb over the bed rails can result in a fall just as dangerous as rolling out of bed. It also featured crossbars to prevent entrapment and includes a handy storage pouch! The support bar is height can be adjusted to two different heights, and the bed rail can support up to 300 pounds of body weight capacity. It also includes a strap that secures the rail to the bed to prevent movement while in use for extra stability. The bed grab bar system is mounted to the bed via the use of an extendable bar that slips between the mattress and box spring. This affordable bed rail system is designed to fit any size bed. In truth, this model is less of a traditional bed rail that extends the length of a bed – it’s really a bed grip bar that allows a senior to hoist themselves in and out of bed with ease. The MedPro MGrip Contoured Bed Rail features an adjustable height and a non-slip, contoured grip handle which make it helpful for seniors who need a few different grip options for getting in and out of bed.
Gemini libra7/20/2023 ![]() Your joys, wishes, flaws, and fears make you special and, when your sun sign is combined with the other planets and placements in your birth chart, it creates a distinctive celestial profile that serves as your cosmic fingerprint. This astrological placement sheds light on your innate gifts, as well as your hard-to-see blind spots. Gemini is a quick-witted and intelligent sign, while Libra is known for its deep thought process. The best part in Gemini Libra relationship compatibility is that Gemini allows Libra to take the lead in most of the situation which is well liked by their. Your sun sign is determined by your date of birth and represents your core personality, sense of self, basic preferences, romantic compatibility, and ways in which you move through the world. The signs enumerate from the first day of spring, known as the First Point of Aries, which is the vernal equinox. (Your Rising Sign is another very important placement, and you can read about it here). The position the Sun occupied at your exact moment of birth is known as your "sun sign" (sometimes referred to as "star sign" or "birth sign"), and it's the cosmic launching pad for both beginners and professional astrologers. We can depend on its daily performance (including inspiring sunrises and dramatic sunsets), as well as its location in the sky. They tend to desire completely contrast things in life and really need to put in considerable effort to make their relationship tick. ![]() But from our vantage here on planet Earth, the Sun is in constant motion. Compatibility Gemini Gemini & Libra LOVE COMPATIBILITY On paper, these two astrological signs have many distinctive differences. Every sign is illuminated by its own point of view, complete with powerful strengths and exhausting weaknesses.įrom an astronomical perspective, we know that the Sun doesn't move, as its stability anchors the entire solar system. Over the centuries, each sign has developed its own associations - including myths, animals, and colors - and its own characteristics. Gemini love Libras energy and desire for peace. Although astrology is an extremely complex study, the most fundamental principle of astrology centers on the 12 familiar star signs of the zodiac. The duality in nature of both signs creates a strong empathy between them. ![]() ![]() The four elements - air signs, fire signs, water signs, earth signs - all work together to create a comprehensive whole, which shows up in your life as your unique personality traits. Every sign is a powerful, vital piece in the puzzle that is the zodiac. ![]() Creator higan bsnes emulators died7/20/2023 ![]() ![]() Near's bsnes was the first Super Nintendo emulator with 100% compatibility, and higan is a multi-system emulator supporting 26 different devices including the NES, SNES, Game Boy and Game Boy Advance, Sega Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive, and PC Engine. The linked document also focuses on the Kiwi Farms forum and the doxing and harassing of Near and their friends. Subsequently, Hector Martin, an IT consultant and Linux hacker, posted a message about Near from a mutual friend (CW: contains explicit details of Near's method of suicide) and said that they had confirmed Near's death with police in a follow-up tweet. Near posted a thread on Twitter explaining how they were affected by a campaign of harassment organized against them on the Kiwi Farms forum. It runs on both 32-bit and 64-bit systems with no dedicated 64-bit download provided.Hmmmmmm shares a report from PC Gamer: Near, also known by their username Byuu, the creator of several groundbreaking videogame emulators and a recent celebrated translation of JRPG Bahamut Lagoon, has died by suicide. Previous versions of the OS shouldn't be a problem with Windows 8 and Windows 7 having been tested. Higan can be used on a computer running Windows 11 or Windows 10. What version of Windows can higan run on? The source code for higan should be freely available and modifications are certainly permitted as well as the option to inspect the software. The license provides the options to freely download, install, run and share this program without any restrictions. Higan has been released under the open source GPL license on Windows from console emulators. Video filters: Multiple video filters and scaling modes.Video: Real-time video capture and recording.Save states: Save states and rewind functionality.Satellaview: Support for Satellaview BS-X memory packs.Netplay: Online play with other players.Interface: Customizable user interface.Expansion: Expansion chips and custom palettes supported.Debugging: Debugger, trace logger and other debugging tools.Controllers: Support for multiple controllers.Compatibility: Compatibility with multiple game formats.Audio: Real-time audio capture and recording.Accuracy: High-precision emulation of multiple systems.Overall, higan is a competent and comprehensive console emulator which can play all of the classic NES and SNES games while also providing the ability to tweak various parameters. Audio options are also numerous and you can also have higan respond to hotkeys. The emulation of Nintendo games can be customized with a number of different video functions like adding filters, adjusting synchronization, aspect ratio, etc. You can use it to load GBA, NES, SNES, GBC and other relevant ROM files. ![]() It includes a game library tool which displays games from any of the systems it supports. Higan features a simple user interface which is easy to use. You can run it from virtually any mass storage device such as USB memory sticks or external hard drives. Since higan is a portable application, installation is certainly not required. Higan is a multi-system gaming emulator which supports many of the classic Nintendo systems like NES, SNES and many of the Game Boy systems. A multi-system emulator which plays ROM files from the NES, SNES, Game Boy and other consoles (formerly called bsnes). ![]() Imvu avatar bossladyakai7/20/2023 ![]() Your Accessory mesh should never be weighted to any bones in the avatar skeleton. If you are building something that is meant to move with one bone only (Glasses, Earrings, etc.), weight all of your vertices to AttachmentNode. To correct that shimmering effect, you should pull your Accessory geometry away from the avatar mesh. If you see Z fighting in Studio, you will see it in IMVU. However, if they are too close you may get Z fighting (or shimmering) in IMVU. The mesh for your Accessory can end up being very close to the mesh for the avatar as in the case of earrings, glasses and watches. will not look right from head to head (because Accessory products do not animate when avatar facial animations are playing.) However, this means that things like facial jewelry, beards, mustaches, fangs, etc. This allows each human head product IMVU has made to use all of the pre-existing Accessories without any glaring aesthetic bugs. The cranium, the bridge of the nose and the position of the ears do not move position from head design to head design (built by IMVU). Head size is dictated at run time in the IMVU messenger. The only difference in all of the heads built by IMVU is only found in the shape of the face. The current IMVU head products are all built around the same basic head shape for Male or Female products. If you are building an Accessory for an avatar head (glasses, earrings, unicorn horns, etc.), there are a few things to keep in mind. However, remember that you must always use the AttachmentRoot/Node for your Accessory skeleton, then build the rest of the skeleton off of that. The glasses mesh is weighted to the AttachmentNode bone. In the image example, the glasses accessory mesh found in the avatar weighting file has been scaled larger for legibility. Instead, you would align the AttachmentRoot bone to one of the wrist bones. Skeleton PlacementĪll you need do is align the AttachmentRoot bone to the avatar bone with which you want your attachment to move.įor example, if you want to build a bracelet, you would not align your AttachmentRoot bone/node to the avatar’s Head bone because then you would have a bracelet that moved when the head moved. This is how these two bones should be set up regardless of how many other bones you may add in more complex products. You will also note that the AttachmentNode bone is parented to the AttachmentRoot bone. ![]() ![]() You will note that AttachmentRoot and AttachmentNode are both in the exact same location. ![]() IMVU has called the master bone AttachmentRoot and called the second bone AttachmentNode. One will be your master bone (or, the top of the hierarchy) and one will be the bone you actually weight the mesh to. These bones/nodes can be called anything you like. The most simple Accessory skeleton must contain two bones/nodes. An Accessory skeleton can be very simple. ![]() Best oh my zsh theme7/20/2023 ![]() ![]() The ultimate guide to creating your own Zsh (oh-my-zsh) theme Zsh themes - all about z shell and oh-my-zsh themes Oh-my-zsh themes - The AI Search Engine You Control AI Chat However there is a weird question mark that is coming ever since I have changed ZSH-THEME … clotrimazole mechanism of action Oh-My-Posh V3 is Out in the Market□□□ by Aritra Roy - Medium oh my zsh themes - The AI Search Engine You Control AI Chat More than 83 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 200 million projects.Ĭool windows terminal with Oh My ZSH.
![]() This is done by removing the electric assist form the steering components and see if the noise disappears or changes. In this case, you'd separate the assist portion of the system from the actual mechanical components and see if the problem changes or goes away. If the problem is a mechanical one, the diagnostic process is very similar to that of a hydraulic system. They range from mildly annoying to downright scary so it's important to locate the cause of the problem quickly. Mechanical EPS problems show up as noises, vibration or other physical steering system faults. ![]() And it's relatively simple to figure out which of the three is causing the problem. Problems in the EPS system usually come down to one of three things: mechanical problems, electrical problems, or sneaky problems that fool you into thinking they're steering-related when they're actually caused by another system or component. But there are a few tips that really can help speed up the diagnostic process. One important thing to note: Because the motor isn't designed to handle extremely high power for extended periods of time (for example, turning from lock to lock repeatedly while the vehicle is stationary), the EPS system will protect itself by limiting the amount of current commanded to reduce system temperature - and unfortunately, limiting assist in the process.Īs always, a good scan tool, service information, TSBs and calibration updates all are important for successfully repairing the vehicle. The PSCM combines inputs such as steering shaft torque sensor, vehicle speed (via serial data), calculated system temperature, and steering tuning setting to determine the amount of assist required - for example, greater assist would be provided at slow-speed parking than during a high-speed lane change - and commands the correct amount of current (or assist) to the power steering motor. The steering motor itself is typically a DC, reversible motor that provides assist through a worm gear and reduction gear. One thing to be aware of is that the PSCM uses the Steering Wheel Position Sensor to "locate" the on-center position and will actually provide a small amount of electrical current to "return" to the center position (not beyond the center position though). The Signal 1 and Signal 2 voltages increase and decrease, staying within 2.5 to 2.8 volts of each other as the steering wheel is turned. The steering wheel position sensor is a five-volt, dual analog signal device, but this one operates between 0V to 5V. The PSCM interprets the change in signal voltages as "steering direction" and steering column shaft "applied torque." Simple, really. Turning to the left decreases Signal 1 Voltage and increases Signal 2 Voltage. Turning the steering wheel to the right increases Signal 1 Voltage and decreases Signal 2 Voltage. It sounds complicated, but it really isn't. This sensor is a five-volt, dual analog inverse signal device operating between 0.25V and 4.75V (as many five-volt reference sensors do – voltage outside of this range usually indicates a circuit problem and sets a DTC). Getting extremely technical, the torque signals are determined by the relative position between the upper and lower rotors of the sensor. The steering shaft torque sensor (located in a section of torsion bar in between the steering input and output shafts) is the Power Steering Control Module's (PSCM) main input for determining steering direction and the amount of assist needed. The EPS system is more efficient than hydraulic systems since it only needs to provide assist when the driver is actually steering (rather than robbing energy from the vehicle's engine to rotate the hydraulic pump constantly), and it keeps the environmentalists happy since there's no harmful fluid involved that needs to be flushed or drained. EPS simply uses an electric motor to provide the assist rather than use a hydraulic pressure system. ![]() The idea behind EPS is the same as the idea behind hydraulically assisted power steering systems: reducing the amount of effort needed to turn the steering wheel. And that means that you need to know how the system works, what goes wrong and how to fix it – quickly, safely and profitably. Because the system is such a fuel-saver and also lowers emissions, it's turned up on most of the vehicles on the road. Interestingly, it's not just expensive or luxury models that use EPS. GM vehicles have used electric power steering (EPS) systems for over a decade now, so odds are good you've already worked on a vehicle using the system. Editor's Note: This article has been updated from its original 2011 version. ![]() |